机动卫星星座对多区域目标成像任务规划

针对太阳同步圆轨道卫星星座对地观测任务,研究了在卫星机动情况下对多区域目标的成像任务规划算法。首先提出了单颗卫星对单个点目标的观测方法,解析分析了点目标可见性,并给出了卫星变轨策略;进而通过把区域目标划分为多个条带,将问题转化为卫星对点目标观测问题,结合单星单目标观测方法分析区域目标各条带的可见性;最后建立优化问题模型,给出条带观测策略,并利用遗传算法优化星座对多区域目标的观测总面积。仿真结果表明该算法准确性高,能够有效提高星座的观测能力和观测总面积。     

Optimization of communication network topology for navigation sharing among distributed satellites

Navigation sharing among distributed satellites is quite important for coordinated motion and collision avoidance. This paper proposes optimization methods of the communication network topology to achieve navigation sharing. The whole communication network constructing by inter-satellite links are considered as a topology graph. The aim of this paper is to find the communication network topology with minimum communication connections’ number (MCCN) in different conditions. It has found that the communication capacity and the number of channels are two key parameters affecting the results. The model of MCCN topology for navigation sharing is established and corresponding method is designed. Two main scenarios, viz., homogeneous case and heterogeneous case, are considered. For the homogeneous case where each member has the same communication capacity, it designs a construction method (Algorithm 1) to find the MCCN topology. For the heterogeneous case, it introduces a modified genetic algorithm (Algorithm 2) to find the MCCN topology. When considering the fact that the number of channels is limited, the Algorithm 2 is further modified by adding a penalized term in the fitness function. The effectiveness of these algorithms is all proved in theoretical. Three examples are further tested to illustrate the methods developed in this paper.     

Quality variation of GPS satellite clocks on-orbit using IGS clock products

Over 60% clocks on board of the GPS satellites are working longer than their designed life. Therefore realizing their stabilities in a long time scales is essential to GPS navigation and positioning plus IGS time scale maintaining. IGS clock products from 2001 to 2010 are used to analyze the GPS satellite clock qualities such as frequency stabilities and clock noise level. We find out that for the clocks of Block IIA satellites the frequency stabilities and clock noise are 10 times worse than that of the Block IIR and IIR-M satellites. Moreover, the linear relationships between frequency stabilities and clock residuals have been deduced with an accuracy of better than 0.02 ns. Specially, it is noticed that the clock of the PRN27 is instable and the relationship between the frequency stability and residuals is at least a quadratic curve. Therefore, we suggested that GPS satellite clocks should be weighted by their quality levels in application, and the observations of the Block IIA should not be used for real-time positioning which required precision better than one meter.     

基于覆盖圆的太阳同步回归轨道卫星目标轨迹调整方法

遥感卫星星座在环境监测、地理测绘等领域运用中,需要考虑目标轨迹分布的优化问题.轨迹分布与星座的重访能力和进出站间隔保持等应用需求密切相关.目前对星下点轨迹分布的优化和调整还缺乏准确实用的方法,存在卫星数目增多带来的计算量增加问题和对多种需求综合考虑不够的问题.为了克服现有技术的不足,解决太阳同步回归轨道遥感卫星星座的目...     

MEO卫星内部充电环境及典型材料充电特征分析

文章利用通用模型DICTAT,计算了恶劣期地球中高轨道(MEO)高能电子通量随卫星运行位置的变化情况以及日均积分能谱,之后选择4种参数具有代表性的电介质材料,分析了其在MEO环境下的充电特征,并将上述结果与地球同步轨道(GEO)情况进行了对比。结果表明,通常而言MEO卫星的内部充电风险更高,平均充电电位是GEO的3倍左右,而且充电电位在整个轨道周期内起伏变化明显,电位达到最高值的时间相对于高能电子通量最大值有0.3~0.9 h的延迟,具体的变化特征由电介质材料时间常数决定。     

仅用作航空器追踪的北斗机载设备适航要求分析

北斗卫星导航系统（简称北斗）在民用航空器中安装应用的前提是明确和符合北斗机载设备的适航要求。但由于全球定位系统（GPS）与北斗在星座结构、信号体制及功能上的不同，导致目前国际上全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）相关适航标准不适用于北斗设备。标准的缺失严重制约北斗民航产业发展，急需进行自主研究与制定。针对北斗在民用航空器中应用第一阶段的功能及场景，即仅用作航空器追踪，分析当前可参考标准的适用性，明确适航要求的制订策略及框架，综合考虑适航安全性、民航对北斗机载设备的紧迫需求，未来机载设备的发展方向，以及当前工业水平，提出一套仅用作航空器追踪的北斗机载设备适航要求，形成审定要素及评审要求，可支持工业方对适航标准的理解。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

GEO长寿命卫星热管在轨等温性能分析

热管是GEO长寿命卫星热控设计大量使用的重要传热元件，其在轨等温传热性能是影响卫星安全可靠工作的关键因素。针对中国在轨长期稳定运行的GEO长寿命卫星热管，基于热管在轨温度遥测数据，采用数理统计方法分析热管在轨等温性能随时间的实际变化规律，分析表明：GEO长寿命卫星热管在轨等温性能稳定性良好，等温性受热管自身温度水平影响较大，年周期内呈现季节性变化，全寿命周期内随飞行时间推移呈现性能衰减下降趋势，寿命末期等温性优于1.6℃，并从热管设计、热负荷大小与分布、使用环境等方面进行等温性改进分析及应用建议。     

基于MLAMBDA的BDS/GPS单频RTK性能分析

GNSS RTK技术以其高精度、高效率、实时性的优点，被广泛应用于航空航天等领域.目前双频RTK技术已非常成熟并且应用较广.相比于双频，单频GNSS RTK在数据质量控制、定位误差处理等方面存在难点.因此单频RTK服务精度可能会受到限制，其定位性能有待研究.本文基于扩展卡尔曼滤波模型，通过MLAMBDA模糊度搜索方法和Ratio检验法，结合实测数据，对比分析BDS，GPS，BDS/GPS三种模式下的单频RTK定位性能.实验证明在静态场景下，三种模式的单频RTK定位精度都在厘米级，可满足高精度定位需求；动态场景下三种模式的模糊度固定率都在70%以上，可满足日常定位需求.在静态及动态应用场景下，北斗的模糊度固定率最高，模糊度解算所用时间短，能实现快速RTK定位.      

Influence of time variable geopotential models on precise orbits of altimetry satellites,global and regional mean sea level trends

During the last decade a significant progress has been reached in the investigation of the gravity field of the Earth. Besides static, also time variable geopotential models have been recently created. In this paper we investigate the impact of the recent time variable geopotential models on altimetry satellite orbits and such altimetry products based on these orbits, as global and regional mean sea level trends. We show that the modeling of time variable gravity improves the orbit solutions, at least for the GRACE period where time variable gravity is sufficiently accurately observed by this mission. Our analysis includes six geopotential models jointly developed by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and Space Geodesy Research Group (CNES/GRGS) Toulouse: the stationary model EIGEN-GL04S, a stationary version of EIGEN-6S (EIGEN-6S_stat), a corrected version of EIGEN-6S and three enhanced versions of EIGEN-6S called EIGEN-6S2, EIGEN-6S2A and EIGEN-6S2B. By “stationary” we mean “containing periodic parameters such as annual and semi-annual variations, but no secular (drift) terms”. We computed precise orbits for the radar altimetry satellites ERS-1, ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon, and Envisat over 20 years between 1991 and 2011. The orbit, single-mission and multi-mission altimetry crossover analyses show that the time variable models EIGEN-6S_corrected, EIGEN-6S2 and its two precursors EIGEN-6S2A/B perform notably better than the stationary models for the GRACE period from 2003 onwards. Thus, using EIGEN-6S2 and EIGEN-6S2A/B we have got 3.6% smaller root mean square fits of satellite laser ranging observations for Envisat, as when using EIGEN-GL04S. However, for the pre-GRACE period 1991–2003, the stationary geopotential models EIGEN-GL04S and EIGEN-6S_stat as well as EIGEN-6S2 having no drift terms for degree 3–50 at this time interval perform superior compared to EIGEN-6S_correct and EIGEN-6S2A/B which contain drifts for this period. We found, that the time variable geopotential models have a low (0.1–0.2 mm/yr) impact on our results for the global mean sea level trend. However, we found strong East/West differences up to 3 mm/yr in the regional mean sea level trends when using orbits of all four satellites based on time variable and stationary geopotential models. We show that these differences are related to the relative drifts of the centers-of-origin between the orbit solutions based on the time variable and stationary geopotential models. From the results of our detailed study, we conclude that the final version of the time variable gravity field model EIGEN-6S2 performs best for the four satellites tested. This model provides the most reliable and mission-consistent sea level estimates for the whole time period from 1992 to 2010. This model is of maximum spherical harmonic degree and order 260 and contains time series for drifts as well as annual and semiannual variations of the spherical harmonic coefficients for degree 2–50.